Azerbaijan has a well developed transport infrastructure. It includes about 22000 km of roads, over 2000 km of railroads, 5 international and 2 local airports. Baku is the largest Caspian sea port.

In 2010, the transport sector accounted for 4.3% of GDP growth. All segments of the domestic transport sector experience a rapid growth. Oil and gas pipelines are top performers within the sector (Table: Capital investments in transport)

Azerbaijan has successfully completed structural reforms in the transport sector with a clear separation between the regulatory and commercial functions of transport agencies. The Ministry of Transport remains the regulatory body while Azerbaijan Railways CJSC manages railroad transportation, the State Maritime Administration oversees maritime transportation and the State Civil Aviation Administration is responsible for aviation issues. Motorway transportation services are within the realm of the "Avtonegliyyatservis" Department of the Ministry of Transport.

Azerbaijan is an important hub for multi-modal transit of goods and passengers to serve the needs of Eurasian logistics. Landmark infrastructure projects currently under implementation include Baku International Maritime Trade Port and Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway. The latter project is a joint endeavor by the Governments of Azerbaijan, Turkey and Georgia to facilitate international transit of goods and passengers from China to Europe hereby helping unlock the region’s huge transit potential.

Azerbaijan is also an active member of the Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia (TRACECA) .